Question words – who** – sounds different from the other wh question words, what, where, when, why, how, could, should, would (spell by saying “o u lucky dog” which is “ould”), do, does, did Silent letters – write, thumb, knife, gnawįLoSS rule – double f, l, s (and z) – if the word has 1 syllable ~ fluff, hill, mess (There are some exceptions, like bus, or when s sounds like z as in was or f sounds like v as in of.) Gh at the end of words/ph both have /f/ sound – cough, telephoneĬh can make 3 sounds – chase, Christmas, chef In the middle of words, the /j/ sound is usually represented by ge, gi, gy – (margin) except for the word pajamas. Words never end with j alone – age, gouge Words never end with v alone – have, brave, believe Otherwise, ge and gi sound like /j/ the u keeps the g hard. Gu makes the hard g sound – guest, guitar, guide. G usually sounds like j next to e, i, and y – gem, giraffe, gym – get and give are exceptions If a consonant touches the vowel, we don’t need the d: lunge, hinge “j” is NEVER used at the end of a word.Ĭ usually sounds like s next to e, i, and y – cent, city, cymbals If it’s a long vowel word, we don’t need the d: stage, huge. It’s there to touch the single short vowel. Otherwise, we don’t need it:ĭge words – the d is silent – judge, edge bridge. The “t” is there to touch the short vowel. Tch words – the t is silent – catch, hitch, stretch Wh words – the h is silent – whale, wheel, whipĬk or k – ck is used at the end of 1 syllable word after 1 short vowel: back, deck, clock c is used for the final /k/ sound when the word has 2 or more syllables: music, traffic, Atlantic, historic There is a vibration/ringing when these voiced sounds are made!Ĭonsonant blends make 2-3 sounds – br, cl, spl, sp, thr, squ, gl, pl. The ear has to be flattened out and blocked directly by the hand – long hair must be moved out of the way. Have your students firmly cover their ears and say all the letter sounds. (22% of the time, it says something else, e.g., /a/ in have.) Spelling Frequency pelling Rules and 44 Phonemes The attached PDF also shows the probability that when you see a word with, for example, a_e, it says long /A/ 78% of the time. The most frequent spelling of long a is at the end of open syllables, as in ba-con the second most frequent is a_e as in bake. Check out the frequency for each spelling, such as long /A/.$10 for the Spelling Rules & 44 Phonemes document. Types of Assessments, Goal Writing, Accommodations.Close Reading / Complex Texts / Test Taking.Best Practices for Comprehension, Decoding, & Fluency.Reading Comprehension & Interactive Learning Games.
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